As the global fossil energy supply is getting tighter, biomass attracts people's attention as a clean energy source with a wide range of raw materials, low pollution, strong renewables and more convenient transportation and storage. In recent years, people have a further understanding of biomass and research, and gradually discovered a variety of ways to use biomass energy. Among many biomass utilization technologies, biomass power generation technology is one of the most promising utilization technologies.
Lujiang County, Anhui Province in Cadillac biomass power plant
ã€development path】
1970s into the horizons
Biomass is all over the world. Data show that plants on Earth alone produce about 20 times the amount of biomass energy available to humankind each year or 160 times more energy than the food available to the world population.
After more than 10 years of exploration and research, foreign scientists have found that efficient direct-fired power generation is one of the easiest and most feasible ways to utilize biomass resources. Due to its wide distribution of resources and sustainable use of biomass, the power generation industry has given great attention to the development and utilization of biomass resources that are conducive to environmental improvement and sustainable development.
70s of the 20th century, biomass power generation technology has entered the field of vision. Subsequently, biomass power generation technology and its applications have gained great development in the world, among them, the most typical is Denmark. Denmark is actively developing renewable energies and vigorously promoting biomass power generation such as straw. The first high-efficiency direct-fired power generation technology for agriculture and forestry biomass was first listed by the UN as a major promotion project. At present, Denmark's agroforestry power generation industry is still maintaining a steady and steady growth.
At present, biomass energy industry in many countries has reached the level of commercial application, achieving large-scale production and management.
Taking the United States, Sweden and Austria as examples, the utilization of biomass for conversion to high-grade energy sources has been considerable, accounting for 4%, 16% and 10% of the country's primary energy consumption respectively. In the United States, the use of biomass power generation has become the choice of a large number of industrial production of electricity. At present, the total installed capacity of biomass power generation in the United States has exceeded 10 million kilowatts, and the stand-alone capacity has reached 10,000 to 25,000 kilowatts. Another example is Brazil, the country is the development and application of biomass ethanol fuel the most unique countries, at present, ethanol fuel accounts for more than 50% of Brazil's automobile fuel consumption.
China's biomass power generation industry getting better
In the early years, the development of biomass power generation technology was mainly concentrated in developed countries such as Europe and the United States. Later, developing countries such as India and Brazil started to actively develop or introduce technology to build agro-forestry biomass power generation projects.
China is a large agricultural country rich in biomass resources. The total biomass of forests in the country is about 19 billion tons, the available amount is 900 million tons and the total amount of energy available is about 300 million tons. If utilized effectively, the potential for biomass energy development will be enormous.
To promote the development of biomass power generation technology, since 2003, the country has approved and approved three straw power generation demonstration projects in Jinzhou, Hebei Province, Shan County in Shandong Province and Rudong, Jiangsu Province, promulgated the "Renewable Energy Law" and implemented biomass Power generation preferential tariffs and other related supporting measures, so that biomass power generation, especially straw power generation to obtain rapid development.
The "12th Five-Year Plan for Strategic Emerging Industries Development" issued in 2012 pointed out that during the 12th FYP, the installed capacity of biomass power generation in China will reach 13 million kilowatts, that is, by the 12th FYP "At the end of the country there will be an increase of 500 to 700 biomass power plants.
In recent years, large state-owned, private and foreign-funded enterprises have invested in the construction and operation of China's biomass power generation industry. In recent years, the state has arranged for funds to support R & D of renewable energy technologies, construction of industrial service systems such as equipment manufacturing and testing and certification, and to increase R & D and support of biomass energy. China's biomass power generation industry is getting better.
ã€principle】
Combustion or pyrolysis gasification power generation
The so-called biomass energy, is the solar energy in the form of chemical energy stored in biomass energy form. In nature, there is organic matter within any living being, and biomass can actually be a part of the carbon cycle that can be converted into solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, both as a renewable resource and as the only renewable Carbon source.
When biomass is used for power generation, it can be directly burned to generate electricity, and biomass can be pyrolyzed and used for power generation. The main sources of raw materials for biomass power generation include agricultural waste (the total installed capacity of electric power in the world with agricultural waste as raw material is about 4.5 million kilowatts), forestry wastes (the total installed capacity of power plants using forestry wastes as raw materials Capacity of about 1 million kilowatts), livestock manure, energy crops (energy crops are all kinds of plants used to provide and produce energy, usually including fast-growing firewood, plants capable of oil or oil production, anaerobic Fermented algae and other plants, etc.) and the like. Therefore, garbage power generation also belongs to the category of biomass power generation.
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