The history of wheat root research since the founding of New China can be roughly divided into three stages: the elementary stage of the 1950s to the 1970s, the development stage of the 1980s, and the in-depth stage of the 1990s:
(1) The Primary Stage Before the founding of New China, the research on the wheat root system in China was a sporadic study. In the 1950s, Ma Yuanxi and other few scholars systematically and meticulously carried out research on wheat roots. They obtained certain research results in the fields of occurrence, growth, and completion of root systems. However, due to the obvious limitations of research methods and research power in this period, the research results are few. In the 1960s, researchers in the fields of wheat cultivation (physiology) and plants carried out relatively more research work, but the research content was still not extensive enough, the depth was not deep enough, and the means were not advanced. According to the author. There are not many reports on the study of wheat roots nationwide. Among them, only Cao Zongzi's “Physical Activity of Wheat Roots during Wintering†and Jin Chengzhong’s “Amino Acids from Roots of Wheat Seedlings are used for the synthesis of aboveground protein. There are more than ten documents such as meaning. In the 1970s, people began to study the morphology and anatomy of the root system of wheat, the relationship between the growth and development of roots, and the relationship with external environmental conditions, and gradually realized that root development is closely related to aboveground development and grain yield formation (but this information We still pay attention to Hu, and attempt to coordinate the growth of the various organs on the ground by promoting the control of the root system. We propose the principle of root regulation in the "early root-building, medium-term root-holding, and late-stage root-cultivation" and point out that the delay in root aging is a future study. Question. In these 10 years, there have been more published articles. Such as "wheat root", "the study of different types of winter wheat roots" and "spring wheat root growth and root-strengthening measures" and so on.
(2) Development stage Chinese agronomists, botanists, and plant physiologists have made arduous efforts in the research field of wheat roots and have achieved remarkable results. The scholars have conducted in-depth studies on the growth dynamics of wheat roots under different ecological conditions, and continued to study the relationship between primary roots and secondary roots and aboveground organs such as stalks and spikes, and the effects and practices of individual cultivation techniques on root systems and yield, and further research. To investigate the morphogenesis, microscopic and ultramicroscopic structures and physiological characteristics and functions of primary and secondary roots, the nutrient effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on the root system, and the dynamic changes of root physiological functions under stress conditions and its mechanism of adversity metabolism The concept of "wheat's roots on the 'system'" and its connotation are proposed, and there is also a certain relationship between the hormone regulation of root growth and the combined nitrogen fixation of microorganisms. Representative works at this stage include Chen Peiyuan et al.'s “Study on Winter Wheat Rootsâ€, Ma Yuanxi’s “Study on the Dynamic Growth of Different Soils and Wheat Rootsâ€, Wei Qike’s “Studies on the Development Law of Different Populations of Winter Wheat Rootsâ€, and Yang Jing. Brix et al. (1988) "Study on the relationship between primary root system and growth and development of spring wheat" and "Research on root growth of winter wheat in dryland of Loess Plateau".
(3) In-depth stage In the 1990s, the successful development and use of the root analysis system led to the expansion of the research power of the Chinese root system, the continuous improvement of research methods, the widening of research content and scope, and the depth of the research into the physiological and biochemical processes of the root system. Relatively speaking, the volume of papers at this stage was voluminous and numerous. Relevant scholars systematically elaborated the development of wheat roots in different environments (especially in Daejeon) on the basis of further clarifying the occurrence characteristics of wheat roots, the fractal features of root morphology, the functions and groups of different unit roots, and the major ecological effects. The correlations between the built-up and distribution patterns, the ecological and physiological effects of fertilizer and water treatments on root growth, and the related traits of roots and plant shoots, in-depth studies on the patterns of water and fertilizer absorption by roots, changes in root vigor, and metabolism of proteins and other substances in roots. Its composition changes, root membrane permeability, root cell organelles, effects and applications of growth regulators on root growth, and the effects of adverse ecological conditions on root morphology and root physiology, and applied the above research results to high yield Cultivation practices, that is, through the use of roots to make full use of soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other resources to achieve the purpose of both high and stable production and water saving.
The main representative works at this stage include the “Pink Phosphorus Uptake Vigor of Winter Wheat Roots and Its Relationship with Organ Formation,†“Effects of Cultivating Measures on Winter Wheat Root System and Its Vitality and Plant Traits†and “Evaluation of Main Ecological Effects of Wheat Root System†"Wait.
(1) The Primary Stage Before the founding of New China, the research on the wheat root system in China was a sporadic study. In the 1950s, Ma Yuanxi and other few scholars systematically and meticulously carried out research on wheat roots. They obtained certain research results in the fields of occurrence, growth, and completion of root systems. However, due to the obvious limitations of research methods and research power in this period, the research results are few. In the 1960s, researchers in the fields of wheat cultivation (physiology) and plants carried out relatively more research work, but the research content was still not extensive enough, the depth was not deep enough, and the means were not advanced. According to the author. There are not many reports on the study of wheat roots nationwide. Among them, only Cao Zongzi's “Physical Activity of Wheat Roots during Wintering†and Jin Chengzhong’s “Amino Acids from Roots of Wheat Seedlings are used for the synthesis of aboveground protein. There are more than ten documents such as meaning. In the 1970s, people began to study the morphology and anatomy of the root system of wheat, the relationship between the growth and development of roots, and the relationship with external environmental conditions, and gradually realized that root development is closely related to aboveground development and grain yield formation (but this information We still pay attention to Hu, and attempt to coordinate the growth of the various organs on the ground by promoting the control of the root system. We propose the principle of root regulation in the "early root-building, medium-term root-holding, and late-stage root-cultivation" and point out that the delay in root aging is a future study. Question. In these 10 years, there have been more published articles. Such as "wheat root", "the study of different types of winter wheat roots" and "spring wheat root growth and root-strengthening measures" and so on.
(2) Development stage Chinese agronomists, botanists, and plant physiologists have made arduous efforts in the research field of wheat roots and have achieved remarkable results. The scholars have conducted in-depth studies on the growth dynamics of wheat roots under different ecological conditions, and continued to study the relationship between primary roots and secondary roots and aboveground organs such as stalks and spikes, and the effects and practices of individual cultivation techniques on root systems and yield, and further research. To investigate the morphogenesis, microscopic and ultramicroscopic structures and physiological characteristics and functions of primary and secondary roots, the nutrient effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on the root system, and the dynamic changes of root physiological functions under stress conditions and its mechanism of adversity metabolism The concept of "wheat's roots on the 'system'" and its connotation are proposed, and there is also a certain relationship between the hormone regulation of root growth and the combined nitrogen fixation of microorganisms. Representative works at this stage include Chen Peiyuan et al.'s “Study on Winter Wheat Rootsâ€, Ma Yuanxi’s “Study on the Dynamic Growth of Different Soils and Wheat Rootsâ€, Wei Qike’s “Studies on the Development Law of Different Populations of Winter Wheat Rootsâ€, and Yang Jing. Brix et al. (1988) "Study on the relationship between primary root system and growth and development of spring wheat" and "Research on root growth of winter wheat in dryland of Loess Plateau".
(3) In-depth stage In the 1990s, the successful development and use of the root analysis system led to the expansion of the research power of the Chinese root system, the continuous improvement of research methods, the widening of research content and scope, and the depth of the research into the physiological and biochemical processes of the root system. Relatively speaking, the volume of papers at this stage was voluminous and numerous. Relevant scholars systematically elaborated the development of wheat roots in different environments (especially in Daejeon) on the basis of further clarifying the occurrence characteristics of wheat roots, the fractal features of root morphology, the functions and groups of different unit roots, and the major ecological effects. The correlations between the built-up and distribution patterns, the ecological and physiological effects of fertilizer and water treatments on root growth, and the related traits of roots and plant shoots, in-depth studies on the patterns of water and fertilizer absorption by roots, changes in root vigor, and metabolism of proteins and other substances in roots. Its composition changes, root membrane permeability, root cell organelles, effects and applications of growth regulators on root growth, and the effects of adverse ecological conditions on root morphology and root physiology, and applied the above research results to high yield Cultivation practices, that is, through the use of roots to make full use of soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other resources to achieve the purpose of both high and stable production and water saving.
The main representative works at this stage include the “Pink Phosphorus Uptake Vigor of Winter Wheat Roots and Its Relationship with Organ Formation,†“Effects of Cultivating Measures on Winter Wheat Root System and Its Vitality and Plant Traits†and “Evaluation of Main Ecological Effects of Wheat Root System†"Wait.
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